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Vol. 55, Issue 5, 787-794, May 1999
Department of Medicine, University of California, San
Francisco, California
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) increases intracellular Ca2+
concentration in many cell types, but the signaling mechanism remains uncertain. The recent identification of three closely related seven-transmembrane domain receptors for S1P, termed Edg1, H218, and
Edg3, support the extracellular ligand role of S1P and allowed examination of Ca2+ responses mediated specifically by each
receptor subtype. To substantiate each subtype in S1P-induced
Ca2+ responses and to study the transductional mechanisms,
we applied the aequorin luminescence method and the fura-2 fluorescence
method in two transfected mammalian cell systems. We showed that H218 and Edg3 were capable of mediating S1P-induced mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ when transiently transfected in human
TAg-Jurkat T cells. Ca2+ responses mediated by Edg1 in
TAg-Jurkat cells required coexpression of the Gqi5 chimeric
G protein that links Gi-coupled receptors to
Gq. When H218 and Edg3 were stably expressed in rat HTC4
hepatoma cells, S1P induced Ca2+ responses with nanomolar
EC50 values. Edg3, but not H218, elicited a sustained
influx of extracellular Ca2+. The coincident formation of
inositol phosphates and the complete inhibition of Ca2+
responses by the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 indicated that H218
and Edg3 mobilized Ca2+ through activation of phospholipase
C. Partial inhibition of Ca2+ responses and inositol
phosphates formation by pertussis toxin implied that H218 and Edg3
transduce phospholipase C activation and Ca2+ responses
only partially through Gi proteins. Although these results
did not dismiss that S1P may function as an intracellular second
messenger in other settings, they definitively proved that S1P can
mobilize Ca2+ as an extracellular ligand for G
protein-coupled receptors.
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