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1B-Adrenergic Receptor
mRNA: Day/Night Rhythm and 
-Adrenergic Receptor/Cyclic AMP
Control
Section on Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Developmental
Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 (S.L.C.,
D.C.K.),
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-3200 (S.K.M.), and
Department of Physiology, Kings College London,
University of London, London, England W8 7AH (D.S.)
Mammalian pineal function is regulated by norepinephrine acting through
1B- and 
1-adrenergic receptors (ARs).
Noradrenergic stimulation of 1B-ARs potentiates the
1-AR-driven increase in cAMP, serotonin
N-acetyltransferase, and melatonin production. In the
present study, we describe a 3-fold daily rhythm in mRNA-encoding 1B-ARs in the pineal gland, with a peak at midnight.
Pharmacological studies indicate that this increase in
1B-AR mRNA is due to activation of -ARs. Second
messenger studies indicate that 1B-AR mRNA is increased
by agents that increase cAMP, including dibutyryl cAMP, cholera toxin,
forskolin, or vasoactive intestinal peptide. These observations
indicate that 1B-AR mRNA can be physiologically regulated by a -AR-dependent enhancement of cAMP. It also was observed that in vivo and in vitro
changes in 1B-AR mRNA are not accompanied by similar
changes in 1B-AR binding, indicating that turnover of
1B-AR protein is significantly slower than that of
1B-AR mRNA and that post-transcriptional mechanisms play
an important role in regulating 1B-AR binding.
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